Alarma y alarmismo: medios de comunicación y crisis económica

  1. Ángel ARRESE 1
  2. Alfonso Vara Miguel 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Navarra
    info

    Universidad de Navarra

    Pamplona, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02rxc7m23

Zeitschrift:
Estudios sobre el mensaje periodístico

ISSN: 1988-2696

Datum der Publikation: 2014

Nummer: 20

Seiten: 933-951

Art: Artikel

DOI: 10.5209/REV_ESMP.2014.V20.N2.47042 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen Access editor

Andere Publikationen in: Estudios sobre el mensaje periodístico

Zusammenfassung

La actual crisis económica mundial está generando buen número de estudios sobre su cobertura periodística. Una de las ideas más recurrentes es que en los años previos a la crisis los medios de comunicación fueron incapaces de alertar sobre los riegos que existían, y que después, ya durante la crisis, tienen una visión alarmista y simplificadora de la actualidad. En este artículo se hace un repaso y se valora la investigación realizada sobre estas dos acusaciones. La principal conclusión es que no existe consenso sobre la valoración de la actuación de los medios, ni antes de la crisis, ni después.

Bibliographische Referenzen

  • AKERLOF, George & SHILLER, Robert J. (2009): Animal Spirits. How Human Psy­chology Drives the Economy, and Why It Matters for Global Capitalism. Prince­ton: Princeton University Press.
  • ALMIRON, Nuria (2008): “Crisis financiera, economía y medios de comunicación”, en Mientras Tanto, vol. 108-­109, pp. 83­-90.
  • ARLT, Hans-­Jrgen & STORZ, Wolfgang (2010): Wirtschaftsjournalismus in der Krise. Frankfurt/Main, Otto Brenner Stiftung.
  • ARRESE, Ángel (2006): “Simplificación y rigor en el periodismo económico”, en Cuadernos de Información, 19, pp. 42-­49.
  • ARRESE, Ángel (2010): “Periodismo económico, entre el boom y el crash”, en AR­RESE, Ángel et al. (coords.). Periodismo económico. Viejos y nuevos desafíos. Actas del XXII Congreso Internacional de Comunicación (Periodismo económico. Viejos y nuevos desafíos) (pp. 17-­27). Pamplona, Eunsa.
  • ARRESE, Ángel y VARA, Alfonso (2012): “¿Canarios en la mina? La prensa y los riesgos de la “burbuja inmobiliaria” en España”, en “Comunicación y riesgo”. III Congreso Internacional de la Asociación Española de Investigación en Comuni­ cación, AE­IC, Tarragona, 20 de diciembre de 2012.
  • BÄHR, Helena (2009): “The world economic crisis and its actors in the on­line pu­ blications of German newspapers and journals”, en Journal of Media Research, 4, 56­-64.
  • BARBER, Lionel (2009): “Did financial journalists miss the financial crisis?”, en Poynter Fellowship Lecture, Yale University, April 21. http://cjrarchive.org/img/posts/LionelBarber­lecture.pdf. [consultado el 8/08/11]
  • BECERRA, Martin Alfredo y MASTRINI, Guillermo (2010): “Crisis. What Crisis? Argentive Media in View of the 2008 International Financial Crisis”, en Interna­ tional Journal of Communication, 4, 611­-629.
  • BECK, Urlich (1992): The Risk Society. London, Sage.
  • BENNETT, Philip (2011): “When a Crisis in Journalism Meets an Economy in Cri­sis”, en History of Political Economy, 43 (2), 375­378.
  • BERRY, Mike (2012): “The Today programme and the banking crisis”, en Journal­ism, Online First Version, 27 September, 2012.
  • BRUMMER, Alex (2009): “Far from scaring people, the press were providing read­ers with reliable information”, en Ethical Space: The International Journal of Com­ munication Ethics, 6 (3/4), Special Issue, 38­-41.
  • CABRALES, Antonio; DOLADO, Juan J.; FELGUEROSO, Florentino; y VÁZ­QUEZ, Pablo (coords., 2009): La Crisis de la Economía Española. Lecciones y propuestas. Madrid, Sociedad Abierta­-Fedea.
  • CAMPOS ECHEVERRÍA, José Luis (2008): La burbuja inmobiliaria española. Madrid, Marcial Pons.
  • CAPLEN, Brian (2009): “Mea culpa: Why we missed the crisis”, en Ethical Space: The International Journal of Communication Ethics, 6 (3/4), Special Issue, pp. 28­-32.
  • CARUSO, Loris; CEPERNICH, Cristopher; e ROCAROLO, Francesco (2012): “La rappresentazioni mediali della crisi tra bisogni informativi e strategie político­co­ municative”, en Rassegna Italiana di Sociologia, 1, 137-­168.
  • CASE, Karl E. & SHILLER, Robert J. (2003): “Is There a Bubble in the Housing Market?”, en Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, 2, pp. 299­-362.
  • CENDROWICZ, Leo (2010): “Conspiracists Blame Anglo-­Saxons, Others for Euro Crisis”, en Time, 26 February.
  • CHAKRAVARTTY, Paula & SCHILLER, Dan (2010): “Neoliberal Newspeak and Digital Capitalism in Crisis”. International Journal of Communication, 4, pp. 670­-692.
  • CHAKRAVARTTY, Paula & DOWNING, John D. (2010): “Media Technology and the Global Financial Crisis”. International Journal of Communication, 4, pp. 693­-695.
  • CHERNOMAS, Robert y HUDSON, Ian (2011): The Gatekeeper. 60 Years of Eco­ nomics According to the New York Times. Boulder, Paradigm Publishers.
  • CHITTUM, Ryan (2011): “Missing the Moment”, en Anya SCHIFFRIN: Bad News. How America’s Business Press Missed the Story of the Century (pp. 71-­93).New York, The New Press.
  • DAVIES, Howard (2010): The Financial Crisis. Who is to Blame? London, Polity Press.
  • DAVIS, Aeron (2005): “Media Effects and the Active Elite Audience: A Study of Media in Financial Markets”, en European Journal of Communication, 20 (3), pp. 303-­326.
  • DAVIS, Aeron (2011): “News of the Financial Sector: reporting on the City or to it?”, en Open Democracy, 31 May, en: http://www.opendemocracy.net/ourkingdom/aeron­davis/news­of­financial­sector­reporting­on­city­or­to­it
  • DE MATEO, Rosario; BERGÉS, Laura; y GARNATXE, Anna (2010): “Crisis, what crisis? The media: business and journalism in times of crisis”, en Triple C. Cog­ nition, Communication, Co­Operation, 8 (2), pp. 193­-204.
  • DER SPIEGEL (2010): “A Media Plot against Madrid?: Spanish Intelligence Re­ portedly Probing ‘Attacks’ on Economy”, 15 February.
  • DOYLE, Gillian (2006): “Financial News Journalism”, en Journalism, 7 (4), pp. 433­-452.
  • ENGUIX, Salvador (2009): “Prensa veraz contra el pánico. Los expertos valoran el papel que el periodismo ha desempeñado en esta crisis”, en La Vanguardia, 7 de octubre.
  • EKAIZER, Ernesto (2010): “El periodismo ‘empotrado’ y la crisis”. Público, 22 de noviembre.
  • FAHY, Declan; O’BRIEN, Michael; & POTI, Valerio (2010): “Combative Critics or Captured Collaborators? Irish Financial Journalism and the End of the Celtic Tiger”, en Irish Communications Review, 12, 5-­21.
  • FERNÁNDEZ, Ángel (2008a): “La crisis se populariza en los medios”, en El Mundo, 27 de octubre.
  • FERNÁNDEZ, David (2008b): “Callar, nunca”, en El País, 24 de diciembre. FERNÁNDEZ VILLAVERDE, Jesús (2010): “Nada Es Gratis cumple un año”, en Nada es Gratis, 16 de junio. http://www.fedeablogs.net/economia/?p=4855
  • FRASER, Matthew (2009): “Five reasons for crash blindness”, en British Journal­ism Review, 20 (4), pp. 78­-83
  • FRAY, Stephen (2011): “Big City, bright lights”, en British Journalism Review, 22 (1), pp. 48­-53.
  • FULLER, Jane (2009): “Why journalists need to relearn the old habits of scepticism, fearless questioning and digging for information”, en Ethical Space: The Interna­ tional Journal of Communication Ethics, 6 (3/4), Special Issue, pp. 87-­91.
  • GARCÍA MONTALVO, Javier (2008): De la quimera inmobiliaria al colapso finan­ciero. Crónica de un desenlace anunciado. Barcelona, Antonio Bosch.
  • GONZÁLEZ, A. y LOBO, José Luis (2008): “Pacto de silencio: los grandes editores de prensa se comprometen a apoyar a Zapatero ante la crisis”, en El Confidencial, 16 de octubre. http://www.elconfidencial.com/cache/2008/10/16/comunicacion_33_pacto_silencio_grandes_editores_prensa_comprometen_apoyr.html [con­ sultado el 8/01/10]
  • GUERRERA, Francesco (2009): “Why generalists were not equipped to cover the complexities of the crisis“, en Ethical Space: The International Journal of Com­ munication Ethics, 6 (3­4), Special Issue, pp. 43-­49.
  • HARBER, Anton (2009): “When a watch dog doesn’t bark”, en Rhodes Journalism Review, 29 (1), pp. 20-­21.
  • HOPE, Wayne (2010): “Time, Communication and Financial Collapse”, en Interna­ tional Journal of Communication, 4, 649-­669.
  • HORNER, Jennifer (2011): “Clogged systems and toxic assets. News metaphors, ne­oliberal ideology, and the United States ‘Wall Street Bailout’ of 2008”, en Journal of Language and Politics, 10 (1), 24-­49.
  • KRUGMAN, Paul (2009): “How Did Economists Get It So Wrong?”, en The New York Times, September 6.
  • KURTZ, Howard (2008): “Press May Own a Share in Financial Mess”, en The Wash­ ington Post, October 6.
  • LEWIS, Justin (2010): “Normal Viewing Will Resumed Shortly: News, Recession and the Politics of Growth”, en Popular Culture, 8, pp. 161­-165.
  • LITS, Marc (2008): “Les médias face à la crise”, en Médiatiques, 43, 3­-7.
  • LITS, Marc (2010): “Pourquoi les médias n’ont­ils rien vu venir?”, en DUJARDIN, Vincent; DE CORDT, Yves; COSTA, Rafael; et DE MORIAMÉ, Virginie de (dir.): La crise économique et financière de 2008-­2009: l’entrée dans le 21e siècle? (pp. 81-­94). Paris, Peter Lang.
  • LOWRY, Dennis T. (2008): “Network TV News Framing of Good vs. Bad Economic News under Democrat and Republican Presidents: A Lexical Analysis of Political Bias”, en Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 85 (3), 2008, 483-­498.
  • LUSCOMBE, Belinda (2009): “Business Journalism: A Vanishing Necessity?”, en­ Time, July 20.
  • MANNING, Paul (2012): “Financial Journalism, news sources and the banking cri­sis”, en Journalism (Online First Version, May 29, 2012).
  • MARRON, María B. (2010): “British/Irish Media Excel in Episodic Coverage, Fail in Probing”, en Journalism Studies, 11 (2), pp. 270­-274.
  • MARTÍNEZ ABASCAL, Eduardo (2011): “Cuidado con las noticias catastróficas”, en Expansión, 19 de enero.
  • MASON, Paul (2010): Meltdown: The End of the Age of Greed. London, Verso. MEIER, Cristian & WINTERBAUER, Stefan (2008): Die Finanzkrise und die Me­dien: Nagelprobe für den Wirtschafts­ und Finanzjournalismus, Dossier. Mainzer­ MedienDisput, November.
  • MÜLLER, Stefanie Claudia (2010): El papel de la prensa en la mayor crisis econó­mica que ha vivido la democracia española. DEA, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 2010. http://www.scm­communication.com/files/dea16.pdf [consultado el 5/03/11].
  • MÜLLER, Stefanie Claudia (2011): “The Real State Bubble in Spain has been Pumped Up by All of Us”, en Aestimatio. The IEB International Journal of Fi­ nance, 2, pp. 2­-11.
  • MYERS, David S. (1982), “Editorials on the Economy in the 1980 Presidential Cam­ paign”, en Journalism Quarterly, 59, pp. 414­419.
  • MYLONAS, Yiannis (2012): “Media and the Economic Crisis of the EU: The ‘Cul­ turalization’ of a Systemic Crisis and Bild Zeitung’s Framing of Greece”, en Triple C, 10 (2), 646­-671.
  • NATIONAL COMMISSION ON THE CAUSES OF THE FINANCIAL AND ECO­ NOMIC CRISIS IN THE UNITED STATES (2011): The Financial Crisis Inquiry Report. Final Report of the National Commission on the Causes of the Financial and Economic Crisis in the United States. Official Government Edition. January, 2011. http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/GPO­FCIC/pdf/GPO­FCIC.pdf [consultado el 11/03/11]
  • OEI Oficina de Evaluación Independiente del FMI (2011): Desempeño del FMI en el período previo a la crisis financiera y económica: La supervisión del FMI entre 2004­07, 10 de enero. http://www.abc.es/gestordocumental/uploads/economia/In­ formeFMICrisis.pdf [consultado el 25/05/11]
  • PÉREZ OLIVA, Milagros (2012): “¿Contribuyen los medios a la crisis?”, en El País, 29 de enero.
  • PÉREZ­-PEÑA, Ricardo (2008): “Amid Market Turmoil, Some Journalists Try to Tone Down Emotion”, en The New York Times, September 22.
  • PESTON, Robert (2009): “In the new digital world. There is a stronger need than ever for subsidised, public­service news”. Ethical Space: The International Journal of Communication Ethics, 6 (3/4), Special Issue, pp. 10­-21.
  • QUIRING, Oliver y WEBER, Mathias (2012): “Between Usefulness and Legitimacy: Media Coverage of Governmental intervention during the Financial Crisis and Se­ lected Effects”, en The International Journal of Press/Politics, 17 (3), 294-­315.
  • RAJAN, Raghuram G. (2010): Fault Lines. How Hidden Fractures Still Threaten the World Economy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • ROUSH, Chris (2008): “Unheeded Warnings”, en American Journalism Review, Oc­ tober/November, pp. 35-­39.
  • ROUSH, Chris (2011): “The Financial Press: It`s Not as Bad as Its Reputation”, en A. SCHIFFRIN. Bad News. How America’s Business Press Missed the Story of the Century (pp. 54­-70). New York, The New Press.
  • SANDVOSS, Cornel (2010): “Conceptualizing the Global Economic Crisis in Popu­ lar Communication Research”, en Popular Communication, 8, 2010, 154-­161.
  • SARABIA­-PANOL, Zeny & SISON, Marianne D. (2010): “Who’s to Blame for the GFC? Insights from Southsea Asia”, en Journalism Studies, 11 (2), pp. 274­-278.
  • SATIJA, Neena (2009): “Why Did Financial Journalists Miss the Financial Crisis”, en Hufftington Post, April 22. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/neena­satija/post _304_b_190057.html [consultado el 6/6/2010]
  • SCHIFFERES, Steve y COULTER, Stephen (2012): “Downloading disaster: BBC news online coverage of the global financial crisis”, en Journalism. Online First Version, June 14, 2012.
  • SCHIFFERES, Steve (2012): “Trust­meltdown for business journalism”, en British Journalism Review, 23 (2), 55-­59.
  • SCHIFFRIN, Anya (2011a): Bad News. How America’s Business Press Missed the Story of the Century. New York: The New Press.
  • SCHIFFRIN, Anya (2011b): “The business press must prove its economic literacy”, en The Guardian, 2 March.
  • SCHIFFRIN, Anya y FAGAN, Ryan (2012): “Are we all Keynesians now? The US Press and the America Recovery Act of 2009”, en Journalism (Online First Version, Sep. 18, 2012).
  • SCHRANZ, Mario y EISENEGGER, Mark (2011): “The Media Construction of the Financial Crisis in a Comparative Perspective ­An Analysis of Newspapers in the UK, USA and Switzerland between 2007 and 2009”, en Swiss Journal of Sociol­ ogy, 37 (2), pp. 241-­258.
  • SCHECHTER, Danny (2009): “Credit crisis: How did we miss it?”, en British Jour­nalism Review, 20 (1), pp. 19-­26.
  • SPOSITO, Sean (2009): “Coverage of the meltdown: Did we blow it?”. www.sabew.org. http://sabew.org/2009/08/coverage­of­the­meltdown­did­we­ blow­it/ [consultado el 2/01/2010]
  • STARKMAN, Dean (2009): “Power Problem”, en Columbia Journalism Review, May/June, pp. 24-­30.
  • STIGLITZ, Joseph E. (2011): “The Media and the Crisis: An Information Theoretic Approach”, en A. SCHIFFRIN. Bad News. How America’s Business Press Missed the Story of the Century (pp. 22­-36). New York, The New Press.
  • STRUPP, Joe (2008): “Brauchli: Newspapers Warned Readers of Economic Crisis”, en Editor&Publisher, October 1. http://www.editorandpublisher.com/Headlines/Article/Brauchli­Newspapers­ Warned­Readers­of­Economic­Crisis [consultado el 8/08/11].
  • STULLER, Jay (2008): “The changing world of business journalism”, en The Con­ference Board Review, July/August, 41-­47.
  • TAMBINI, Damian (2010): “What are financial journalists for?”, en Journalism Stud­ies, 11 (2), pp. 158-­174.
  • TAMBINI, Damian (2008): What is Financial Journalism For? Ethics and Respon­ sibility in a Time of Crisis and Change. London, Polis­School of Economics.
  • THE ECONOMIST (2010): “Spain and the Anglo­Saxon press: Spain shoots the mes­senger”, 9 February, 2010.
  • THOMPSON, Katherine (2008): “Reshaping the Financial Times’ newsroom for the Credit Crisis”, en editorsweblog.org, October 9.
  • THOMPSON, Peter A. (2009): “Market Manipulation? Applying the Propaganda Model to Financial Media Reporting”, en Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, 6 (2), 73­-96.
  • TITLEY, Gavan (2012): “Budgetjam! A communications intervention in the politi­ cal­economic crisis in Ireland”, en Journalism, Online First Version, June 14, 2012.
  • TRACY, James F. (2012): “Covering ‘financial terrorism’: The Greek debt crisis in the US news media”, en Journalism Practice, 6 (4), 513-­529.
  • TREMLETT, Giles (2010): “Anglo­Saxon media out to sink us, says Spain”, en The Guardian, 14 February 2010.
  • TULLOCH, John (2009): “From amnesia to apocalypse: Reflections on journalism and the credit crunch”, en Ethical Space: The International Journal of Communi­ cation Ethics, 6 (3/4), Special Issue, 99-­109.
  • UK PARLIAMENT TREASURY COMMITTEE (2009): “Role of press in banking crisis. Written evidence”, House of Commons, UK, February 4.
  • USHER, Nikki (2012): “Ignored, uninterested, and the blame game: How the New York Times, Marketplace and TheStreet distanced themselves from preventing the 2007­2009 crisis”, en Journalism (Online first version, September 13, 2012).
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet