Periodismo constructivouna respuesta a las razones de los usuarios para evitar las noticias

  1. Javier Serrano-Puche
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ISSN: 0719-3661

Argitalpen urtea: 2020

Zenbakia: 46

Orrialdeak: 153-177

Mota: Artikulua

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Pese a que el panorama mediático actual permite escoger entre muy diversas plataformas, fuentes y medios para informarse, hay usuarios que deciden evitar las noticias. Este artículo explora las razones que motivan esta evasión informativa, poniéndolas en diálogo con las propuestas del periodismo constructivo. Tomando como caso de estudio a España y mediante un análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo del Digital News Report –basado en un estudio piloto y una encuesta a 2006 usuarios digitales–, los resultados muestran que el 50% de los internautas españoles evita las noticias de manera activa, una práctica más habitual entre las mujeres, los jóvenes y las personas de bajos ingresos económicos. Las razones señaladas por los usuarios para no consultar las noticias aluden a dos grandes factores. Por un lado, a la situación del usuario, ya sea por falta de interés en la actualidad como por la percepción de que la exposición al flujo noticioso tiene efectos negativos en su persona (siendo esta la principal razón para evitarlas, en el 37% de los casos). Por otro lado, también se acusa a los medios de comunicación –tanto a nivel corporativo como a los periodistas que elaboran la información– de incumplir algunos principios básicos de la profesión. Específicamente, 29% de los usuarios no consulta las noticias porque desconfía de su veracidad. Los medios podrían combatir estas motivaciones optando por un enfoque más constructivo del periodismo, basado en una cobertura orientada a generar un impacto social positivo.

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