Gobernanza algorítmica en la opinión pública: un estudio metodológico sobre la percepción de los refugiados

  1. Carlos Lancho Bances
  2. Ana Azurmendi
Revista:
Miguel Hernández Communication Journal

ISSN: 1989-8681

Año de publicación: 2023

Número: 14

Páginas: 449-469

Tipo: Artículo

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Miguel Hernández Communication Journal

Resumen

At present, we cannot talk about public opinion without paying special attention to the influence exerted by algorithms, through digital platforms, in the creation of collective imaginaries. In this sense, re-cent research refers to the concept of al-gorithmic governance to explain the role of artificial intelligence in the organiza-tion of social activity and the perception of reality. In this context, it is important to remember that, behind the design and programming of algorithms, there is a commercial infrastructure that pursues specific economic purposes, so the neu-trality of these tools must be debated. This article aims to present this new sce-nario and introduce a methodology that serves to analyze the way in which algori-thmic tools can generate a climate of dis-crimination against historically marginalized populations, such as refugees in the European scenario (and especially in Spain

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Alonso González, Marian. «Opinión pública y web 2.0. Las redes digitalizan el barómetro político en España,» Revista Mexicana de Opinión Pública, Vol. 21 (2016).
  • Assimakopoulos, Stavros, Fabienne H Bainer y Sharon Millar, Online Hate Speech in the European Union. A Discourse-Analytic Perspective (University of Malta: Springer Open, 2017).
  • Banisch, Sven, Felix Gaisbauer, and Eckehard Olbrich. «Modelling Spirals of Silence and Echo Chambers by Learning from the Feedback of Others.» Entropy 24, no. 10: 1484 (2022) https://doi.org/10.3390/e24101484
  • Banisch, Sven, Felix Gaisbauer and Eckehard Olbrich. «How social feedback processing in the brain shapes collective opinion pro- cesses in the era of social media.» Physics.soc-ph arXiv:2003.08154v1 (2020).
  • Bessi, Alessandro, Mauro Coletto, George Alexandru Davidescu, Antonio Scala, Guido Caldarelli, y Walter Quattrociocchi, «Science vs Conspiracy: Collective Narratives in the Age of Misinformation,» PLoS ONE 10, 2 (2015).
  • Bucher, Taina Bucher. «The algorithmic imaginary: exploring the ordinary effects of Facebook algorithms.» Information, Communication & Society, 20, 1 (2017). DOI: 10.1080/1369118 X.2016.1154086.
  • Bozdag, Engin. «Bias in algorithmic filtering and personalization.» Ethics and information technology, 15, 3 (2013).
  • Christin, Angèle y Caitlin Petre. «Making Peace With Metrics: Relational Work in Online News Production.» Sociologica 14, 2 (2022). https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.1971-8853/11178.
  • Cohen, Nicole S. Writers’ Rights: Freelance Journalism in a Digital Age. (Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2016), citado en Safiya Umoja Noble, Algorithms of Oppression, 154.
  • Comisión Europea. «Antitrust: Commission fines Google €2.42 billion for abusing dominance as search engine by giving illegal advantage to own comparison shopping service – Factsheet.» 21 de junio de 2017.
  • Eslami, Motahhare, Aimee Rickman, Kristen Vaccaro, Amirhossein Aleyasen, Andy Vuong, Karrie Karahalios, Kevin Hamilton, y Christian Sandvig, «“I always assumed that I wasn’t really that close to [her]”: Reasoning about invisible algorithms in the news feed,» Proceedings of the 33rd Annual SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (2015).
  • Felix Geisbauer, «Modelling and observing collective opinion expression online.» PhD diss., Universitat Leipzig, 2022.
  • Gerón, Aurélien. Hands-on Machine Learning with Scikit-Learn, Keras, and TensorFlow. Concepts, Tools, and Techniques to Build Intelligent Systems. Sebastopol, CA: O’Reilly Media, 2019.
  • Gillespie, Tarleton, Pablo Boczkowski, and Kirsten Foot, ed., Media technologies: Essays on communication, materiality, and society. Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 2014.
  • Gandino Alessandro, Alessandro Gerosa, Beatrice Gobbo, Silvia Keeling, Luisa Leonini, Lorenzo Mosca, y Marco Orofino. «The Algorithmic Public Opinion: A Literature Review.» SocArXiv (2022). DOI: 10.31235/osf.io/m6zn8.
  • Kitchin, Rob. «Thinking critically about and researching algorithms.» Information, communication & society, 20, 1 (2017).
  • Just, Natascha y Michael Latzer. «Governance by algorithms: reality construction by algorithmic selection on the Internet.» Media, Culture & Society, 39, 2 (2017). https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0163443716643157
  • Laaksonen, Salla-Maaria, Jesse Haapoja, Teemu Kinnunen, Matti Nelimarkka, and Reeta Pöyhtärir. «The Datafication of Hate: Expectations and Challenges in Automated Hate Speech Monitoring.» Front. Big Data 3:3 (2020). DOI: 10.3389/fdata.2020.00003
  • Lotanero, Mark y Paula Kift. «On Digital Passages and Borders: Refugees and the New Infrastructure for Movement and Control.» Social Media and Society 4, no. 1 (2018).
  • Milano, Silvia, Mariarosaria Taddeo y Luciano Floridi. «Recommender systems and their ethical challenges.» AI & Soc 35 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-020-00950-y
  • Nedelcu, Mihaela y Ibrahim Soysüren. «Precarious Migrants, Migration Regimes and Digital Technologies: The Empowerment-Control Nexus.» Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies (2020).
  • Noble Safiya Umoja Noble. Algorithms of Oppression How Search Engines Reinforce Racism. New York: New York University Press, 2018.
  • Madianou, Mirca. «Technocolonialism: Digital Innovation and Data Practices in the Humanitarian Response to Refugee Crises.» Social Media and Society 5, no. 3 (2019).
  • O’Gieblyn, Meghan. God, Human, Animal, Machine. New York: Doubleday, 2021.
  • Pariser, Eli. El Filtro burbuja: cómo la red decide lo que leemos y lo que pensamos. Barcelona: Taurus, 2017.
  • PICUM y Statewatch. Data Protection, Immigration, Enforcement and Fundamental Rights. What the EU’s Regulations on Interoperability Mean for People with Irregular Status. Bruselas: 2019.
  • Ponzanesi, Sandra. «Digital Diasporas: Postcoloniality, Media and Affect.» Interventions 22, 8 (2020). DOI: 10.1080/1369801X.2020.1718537.
  • Rejali, Saman, and Yannick Heiniger. «The Role of Digital Technologies in Humanitarian Law, Policy and Action: Charting a Path Forward.» International Review of the Red Cross 102, no. 913 (2020). DOI:10.1017/S1816383121000114.
  • Rogers, Richard. Digital methods. Cambridge MA: MIT Press, 2013.
  • Seaver, Nick. «Algorithms as culture: Some tactics for the ethnography of algorithmic systems.» Big Data & Society 4, 2 (2017).
  • Simonete, Tom. «When It Comes to Gorillas, Google Photos Remains Blind.» Wired, última modificación el 11 de junio de 2018, https://www.wired.com/story/when-it-comes-to-gorillas-google-photos-remains-blind/
  • Smith, Aaron. «Many Facebook users don’t understand how the site’s news feed works.» Pew Research Center, Journalism and Media, última modificación el 5 de septiembre de 2018, https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2018/09/05/many-facebook-users-dont-understand-how-the-sites-news-feed-works/
  • Song, Chenguang Song, Yiyang Teng, Yangfu Zhu, Siqi Wei y Bin Wu. «Dynamic graph neural network for fake news detection.» Neurocomputing, Vol. 505 (2022).
  • Tatcher, Jim, David O’Sullivan y Dillon Mahmoudi. «Data Colonialism through Accumulation by Dispossession: New Metaphors for Daily Data.» Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 34, no. 6 (2016).
  • Valdivia García, Javier Sánchez Monedero, Youssef M. Ouled y Paola Guerra Cáceres. Introducción a la IA y la discriminación algorítmica para movimientos sociales. Madrid: Algorace, 2023. https://algorace.org/2022/11/26/una-introduccion-a-la-ia-y-la-discriminacion-algoritmica-para-movimientos-sociales/
  • Zuboff, Shoshana. The age of surveillance capitalism: the fight for the future at the new frontier of power. London: Profile Books Ltd, 2019.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet