Estudio analitico de la distribucion de minerales y elementos traza en leche cruda de vaca y formulas infantiles

Resumen

ANALYTICAL STUDY OF MINERALS AND TRACE ELEMENTS DISTRIBUTION IN RAW COW MILK AND infant FORMULA. Cristina Sola Larrañaga. Faculty of Science. University of Navarra. 2006 Mineral and trace elements content in raw cow milk, fundamental raw material in the production of infant formulae, could be modified by intrinsic and extrinsic factors, being the latter the station, region, animal nourishment, external pollution and water of supply. The effect of the variation was studied of each one of them in the Comunidad Foral of Navarra. Alto Bidasoa and Auñamendi are the areas with higher concentrations of macronutrients, minerals and essential trace elements. As for the potentially toxic trace elements is the Media-Ribera zone the one that presents higher concentrations. The kind of nourishment meets reflected in an increase of macronutrients, minerals and essential trace elements, and potentially toxic trace elements for exclusive supply of fodder, alternation with forages, and mixture of both respectively. Copper appears as the principal element pollutant of milk proceeding from developments cióse to an area of pollution type quarry. The water of supply does not seem to modify significantly the content of minerals and elements plans in the raw cow milk. The obtained results were verified statistically by means of the Analysis of Principal Factors, obtaining 5 components related to the milk origin, seasonal, regional change, modification of food seasonal hàbits, and addition of salts inducting a major lacteal production, respectively. Discriminant Analysis provides sensibilities and selectivities for a classification for stations upper than 94 % in all these cases. Analysis of minerals and essential and potentially toxic elements in infant formulae shows discrepant concentrations with those labelled, which forces to put to point a quick, simple and econòmic methodology that allows the control of the standardization of the infantile formulae. For the suitable quantification of calcium TMAH is used, whereas for the rest of minerals and elements of forced labelled hidroxide ammonium is used. Statistical Analysis of Principal Factors shows four principal components, related to the standardization, pollution across the additions or accused, addition of inorganic salts, and protein used as base of infant formula respectively. Discriminant Analysis depending on the type of formula manages to sepárate in a satisfactory way the milk based formulae with respect to those obtained from the soybean plant. There is realized a study of the distribution of minerals and elements plans in the different milk based fractions of raw cow milk and infant formula. An enrichment of i ron is observed in the casein fraction of Auñamendi Zone, and serie in Media-Ribera zone. Iron is principally joined to casein fraction in infant formulae, presenting a fall in biodisponibility, compensated by the increase of concentration. They could not have quantified the fractions for potentially toxic elements, showing a principal relation with the fraction caseinica, with exception of the aluminium in infantile, present formula in a proportion of 50 % in whey, which must be kept in mind in the elaboration, to avoid a high absorption of this element for the infant fed.