Playing with readers’ expectationstypes of predictive infographics in digital media
- Alicia Arza-Otano 1
- Salaverría, Ramón 1
- 1 Universidad de Navarra, España
- Montero Küpper, Silvia (coord.)
- Vázquez Gestal, Montserrat (coord.)
- Puentes Rivera, Iván (coord.)
ISSN: 1889-4178, 1989-9335
Año de publicación: 2019
Título del ejemplar: Communication, Translation and Interpreting
Número: 5
Páginas: 187-210
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: MonTI: Monografías de traducción e interpretación
Proyectos relacionados
Resumen
Los infográficos predictivos, aquellos que retan a los usuarios a hacer una estimación subjetiva en torno a un fenómeno antes de permitirles averiguar el resultado, amplían las posibilidades de los medios digitales para atraer y retener a su audiencia. Estudios recientes sugieren, además, que visualizar las propias predicciones mejora la comprensión de la información y la probabilidad de recordarla. A partir de un estudio cualitativo de infográficos interactivos, el presente artículo identifica dos tipos de gráficos predictivos presentes en los medios digitales actuales: gráficos basados en la predicción por parte de los usuarios y gráficos predictivos basados en cálculos. Analiza sus estrategias de interacción y desafío a los usuarios, describiendo modelos que pueden ser aprovechados tanto por investigadores como profesionales de la infografía periodística.
Referencias bibliográficas
- Barnhurst, Kevin G. & John C. Nerone. (1991) “Design trends in US front pages, 1885–1985.” Journalism Quarterly 68:4, pp. 796-804. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769909106800420
- Blanchett Neheli, Nicole. (2018) “News by Numbers. The evolution of analytics in journalism.” Digital Journalism 6:8, pp. 1041-1051. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1504626
- Bloomberg News. (2016) “This Chart Shows Who Marries CEOs, Doctors, Chefs and Janitors.” Electronic version: https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2016-who-marries-whom/
- Brigham, Tara. (2016) “Feast for the Eyes: An Introduction to Data Visualization.” Medical Reference Services Quarterly 35:2, pp. 215-223. DOI: 10.1080/02763869.2016.1152146
- Burmester, Michael; Marcus Mast; Ralph Tille & Wibke Weber. (2010) “How Users Perceive and Use Interactive Information Graphics: An Exploratory Study.” 14th International Conference on Information Visualisation, IV 2010, 26-29 July 2010, London, UK. https://doi.org/10.1109/iv.2010.57
- Cairo, Alberto. (2017) Nerd Journalism: How data and digital technology transformed news graphics. Doctoral Thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya. Electronic version: https://www.dropbox.com/s/umr3r11v8dc088x/nerdJournalismDISSERTATION.pdf?dl=0
- Carlson, Matt. (2018) “Confronting Measurable Journalism.” Digital Journalism 6:4, pp. 406-417. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2018.1445003
- Crowston, Kevin & Marie Williams. (2000) “Reproduced and emergent genres of communication on the World-Wide Web.” The Information Society 16:3, pp. 201-215. http://doi.org/10.1080/01972240050133652
- Chen, Yimin; Nadia Conroy & Victoria Rubin. (2015) “Misleading online content: Recognizing clickbait as false news.” In: Proceedings of the 2015 ACM on Workshop on Multimodal Deception Detection, pp. 15-19. http://www.doi.org/10.1145/2823465.2823467
- De Haan, Yael; Sanne Kruikemeier; Sophie Lecheler; Gerard Smit & Renee van der Nat. (2017) “When does an infographic say more than a thousand words? Audience evaluations of news visualizations.” Journalism Studies, pp. 1-20. http://www.doi.org/10.1080/1461670X.2016.1267592
- Ecker, Ullrich; Stephan Lewandowsky; Ee Pin Chang & Rekha Pillai. (2014) “The effects of subtle misinformation in news headlines.” Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied 20:4, pp. 323-335. http://www.doi.org/10.1037/xap0000028
- Fletcher, Richard. (2017) Social media and incidental exposure, Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2017, Reuters Institute. Electronic version: https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Digital%20News%20Report%202017%20web_0.pdf
- Gelman, Andrew & Antony Unwin. (2013) “Infovis and statistical graphics: different goals, different looks.” Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 22:1, pp. 2-28. http://www.doi.org/10.1080/10618600.2012.761137
- Haim, Mario; Andreas Graefe & Hans-Bernd Brosius. (2017) “Burst of the filter bubble? Effects of personalization on the diversity of Google News.” Digital Journalism, pp. 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1338145
- Heckler, Susan E. & Terry L. Childers. (1992) “The Role of Expectancy and Relevancy in Memory for Verbal and Visual Information: What is Incongruency?” Journal of Consumer Research 18:4, pp. 475-492. http://www.doi.org/10.1086/209275
- Holsanova, Jana; Nils Holmberg & Kenneth Holmqvist. (2009) “Reading information graphics: The role of spatial contiguity and dual attentional guidance.” Applied Cognitive Psychology 23, pp. 1215-1226. http://www.doi.org/10.1002/acp.1525
- Ihlström Eriksson, Carina. (2004) The evolution of a new (s) genre. Doctoral dissertation. Gothenburg: Department of Informatics, Gothenburg University. Electronic version: http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A237485&dswid=2577
- Ihlström, Carina, & Jonas Lundberg. (2004) “A genre perspective on online newspaper front page design.” Journal of Web Engineering 3, pp. 50-74.
- Kilgo, Danielle K. & Vinicio Sinta. (2016) “Six things you didn’t know about headline writing: Sensational form in viral news of traditional and digitally native news organizations.” The Official Journal of the International Symposium of Online Journalism 6:1, pp. 111-130. Electronic version: https://isojjournal.wordpress.com/2016/04/14/six-things-you-didnt-know-about-headline-writing-sensational-form-in-viral-news-of-traditional-and-digitally-native-newsorganizations/
- Kilgo, Danielle K.; Summer Harlow; Víctor García-Perdomo & Ramón Salaverría. (2016) “A new sensation? An international exploration of sensationalism and social media recommendations in online news publications.” Journalism, 1464884916683549. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884916683549
- Kim, Yea-Seul; Katharina Reinecke & Jessica Hullman. (2017) “Explaining the gap: Visualizing one’s predictions improves recall and comprehension of data.” In: Proceedings of the 2017 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, pp. 1375-1386. https://doi.org/10.1145/3025453.3025592
- Kuiken, Jeffrey; Anne Schuth; Martijn Spitters & Maarten Marx. (2017) “Effective headlines of newspaper articles in a digital environment.” Digital Journalism 5:10, pp. 1300-1314. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1279978
- Lagerwerf, Luuk; Carly Timmerman & Anique Bosschaert. (2016) “Incongruity in News Headings.” Journalism Practice 10:6, pp. 782-804. http://www.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2015.1063446
- Los Angeles Times. (2014) “L.A.’s Eastside: Where do you draw the line?” Electronic version: http://maps.latimes.com/debates/eastside/
- Los Angeles Times. (2016) “Here’s $100. Can you win $1.5 billion at Powerball?” Electronic version: http://graphics.latimes.com/powerball-simulator/
- Molek-Kozakowsk, Katarzyna. (2013) “Towards a pragma-linguistic framework for the study of sensationalism in news headlines.” Discourse & Communication 7:2, pp. 173-197. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750481312471668
- Oxford Dictionary. (n.d) Definition of clickbait in English. Electronic version: https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/clickbait
- Pariser, Eli. (2011) The filter bubble: What the Internet is hiding from you. New York: Penguin.
- Schroeder, Roland. (2004) “Interactive Info Graphics in Europe--added value to online mass media: a preliminary survey.” Journalism Studies 5:4, pp. 563-570. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700412331296473
- Schudson, Michael. (1981) Discovering the news: A social history of American newspapers. New York: Basic Books.
- Silverman, Craig. (2015) “Lies, Damn Lies and Viral Content: How News Websites Spread (and Debunk) Online Rumors, Unverified Claims and Misinformation.” , Tow Center for Digital Journalism, Columbia University. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8Q81RHH
- Stroud, Natalie Jomini. (2008) “Media use and political predispositions: Revisiting the concept of selective exposure.” Political Behavior 30:3, pp. 341-366. http://www.doi.org/10.1007/s11109-007-9050-9
- The Guardian. (2016) Who’s winning? Find out how your income compares with every other generation. Electronic version: https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2016/mar/07/whos-winning-find-out-how-your-income-compares-with-every-other-generation
- The New York Times. (2013) “Y’all, Youse and You Guys Talk.” Electronic version: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/upshot/dialect-quiz-map.html
- The New York Times. (2014) “Where we came from and Where we went, State by state.” Electronic version: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/08/13/upshot/where-people-in-each-state-were-born.html
- The New York Times. (2017) “You Draw It: What Got Better or Worse During Obama’s Presidency.” Electronic version: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/01/15/us/politics/you-draw-obama-legacy.html
- The New York Times. (2014) “Housing’s Rise and Fall in 20 cities.” Electronic version: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/01/23/business/caseshiller-slider.html
- The New York Times. (2014) “How birth year influences political views.” Electronic version: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/07/08/upshot/how-the-year-you-were-born-influences-your-politics.html
- The New York Times. (2015) “You draw it: How Family Income Predicts Children’s College Chances.” Electronic version: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2015/05/28/upshot/you-draw-it-how-family-income-affects-childrens-college-chances.html
- The New York Times. (2017) “You draw it: Just how bad is the drug overdose epidemic?” Electronic version: https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/04/14/upshot/drug-overdose-epidemic-you-draw-it.html
- Thornton, Leslie-Jean. (2016) “The road to ‘reader-friendly’: US newspapers and readership in the late twentieth century.” Cogent Social Sciences 2:1. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2016.1189055
- Tian, Quing. (2015). How information graphics promote interactions between the media and audiences. Thesis, Master of Arts. University of Missouri-Columbia. Electronic version: https://mospace.umsystem.edu/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10355/48624/research.pdf
- Zuiderveen Borgesius, Frederik J; Damian Trilling; Judith Möller; Balazs Bodó; Claes de Vreese & Natali Helberger. (2016) “Should we worry about filter bubbles?” Internet Policy Review 5:1. https://doi.org/10.14763/2016.1.401