Hipotiroidismo

  1. J. Pineda 1
  2. J.C. Galofré 2
  3. M. Toni 3
  4. E. Anda 1
  1. 1 Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra. Pamplona. Navarra. España
  2. 2 Clínica Universidad de Navarra. Pamplona. Navarra. España
  3. 3 Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA). Pamplona. España
Revista:
Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

ISSN: 0304-5412

Año de publicación: 2016

Título del ejemplar: Enfermedades endocrinológicas y metabólicas (I) Patología del tiroides

Serie: 12

Número: 13

Páginas: 722-730

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.1016/J.MED.2016.06.002 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Otras publicaciones en: Medicine: Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

Introducción El hipotiroidismo se define como la situación clínica derivada de la falta de acción de las hormonas tiroideas en los diferentes tejidos. Etiología En la mayoría de las ocasiones se debe a una alteración en la glándula tiroidea (hipotiroidismo primario). Las causas más frecuentes de hipotiroidismo en el mundo son: en las zonas endémicas la deficiencia de yodo, y en las zonas yodo suficientes la tiroiditis crónica autoinmune. Epidemiología El hipotiroidismo es la alteración de la función tiroidea más frecuente. El hipotiroidismo subclínico puede presentar una prevalencia cercana al 10%, especialmente en personas de edad avanzada. Manifestaciones clínicas y diagnóstico Los síntomas son inespecíficos, por lo que el diagnóstico se fundamenta en las pruebas de laboratorio (principalmente la determinación de TSH). Tratamiento El tratamiento de elección en el momento actual sigue siendo levotiroxina. Los efectos deletéreos para la salud y el beneficio del tratamiento sustitutivo continúan siendo controvertidos en el hipotiroidismo subclínico. Existe consenso para iniciar tratamiento con levotiroxina, si los niveles de TSH son superiores a 10 mU/l o en determinadas situaciones clínicas.

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