Uso de tecnología y malestar durante la pandemia por COVID-19 en Ecuador

  1. Paula Hidalgo-Andrade 1
  2. Clara Paz 1
  3. Carlos Hermosa Bosano 2
  4. Javier García-Manglano 3
  5. Charo Sádaba Chalezquer 4
  6. Claudia López-Madrigal 5
  7. Cecilia Serrano 6
  1. 1 Universidad de Las Américas, Ecuador
  2. 2 Universidad de Las Américas, Quito
  3. 3 Instituto de Cultura y Sociedad, Universidad de Navarra
  4. 4 Facultad de Comunicación, Universidad de Navarra
  5. 5 Facultad de Educación y Psicología, Universidad de Navarra
  6. 6 Departamento de Sociología, Universidad Católica de Milán
Zugehörigkeit anzeigen +
Zeitschrift:
Aloma: revista de psicologia, ciències de l'educació i de l'esport

ISSN: 1138-3194

Datum der Publikation: 2022

Ausgabe: 40

Nummer: 2

Seiten: 9-20

Art: Artikel

DOI: 10.51698/ALOMA.2022.40.2.9-20 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen Access editor

Andere Publikationen in: Aloma: revista de psicologia, ciències de l'educació i de l'esport

Zusammenfassung

To prevent the spread of COVID-19, countries like Ecuador adopted mandatory lockdown measures, teleworking and remote education. During these periods, people resorted to the use of their mobile phones as well as other technological devices to get information, socialize and work. This study sought to identify the effects that the use of these devices, especially cellphones, had on people’s levels of anxiety, depression and stress. We re-cruited a sample of 766 participants who responded to an online survey conducted during the first phase of the pandemic. The results suggest that people spent approximately 9.75 hours a day connected to technological de-vices, including their cellphones. We also found that the participants’ level of psychological distress increases as the overall time and time spent on social networks increases. In addition, the problematic use of mobile phones, meaning the use of the cellphone to distract oneself from something uncomfortable or to express or seek affection predicted increases in participants’ level of distress. In contrast, making purchases online and perceiving higher levels of control over their mobile phone use was associated with a decrease in psychological distress. The implica-tions of these findings are discussed in the light of the current state of the pandemic, the discovery of new variants of the coronavirus, and the existence of mandatory quarantines for those diagnosed with the virus.

Bibliographische Referenzen

  • Amimo, F., Lambert, B., & Magit, A. (2020). What does the COVID-19 pandemic mean for HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria control? Tropical Medicine and Health, 48(32), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41182-020-00219-6
  • Ausín, B., González-Sanguino, C., Castellanos, M. Á., & Muñoz, M. (2021). Gender-related differences in the psychological impact of confinement as a consequence of COVID-19 in Spain. Journal of Gender Studies, 30(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/09589236.2020.1799768
  • Ballivian, J., Alcaide, M. L., Cecchini, D., Jones, D. L., Abbamonte, J. M., & Cassetti, I. (2020). Impact of COVID-19-related stress and lockdown on mental health among people living with HIV in Argentina. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes, 85(4), 475–482. https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0000000000002493
  • Baloran, E. T. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes, anxiety, and coping strategies of students during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 25(8), 635–642. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2020.1769300
  • Ben-Zur, H., Gil, S., & Shamshins, Y. (2012). The relationship between exposure to terror through the media, coping strategies and resources, and distress and secondary traumatization. International Journal of Stress Management, 19(2), 132–150. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027864
  • Boyle, M. P., Schmierbach, M., Armstrong, C. L., McLeod, D. M., Shah, D. V., & Pan, Z. (2004). Information seeking and emotional reactions to the September 11 terrorist attacks. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 81(1), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900408100111
  • Chao, M., Xue, D., Liu, T., Yang, H., & Hall, B. J. (2020). Media use and acute psychological outcomes during COVID-19 outbreak in China. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 74, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102248
  • Cho, J., Boyle, M. P., Keum, H., Shevy, M. D., McLeod, D. M., Shah, D. v., & Pan, Z. (2003). Media, terrorism, and emotionality: Emotional differences in media content and public reactions to the September 11th terrorist attacks. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 47(3), 309–327. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4703_1
  • Daza, P., Novy, D. M., Stanley, M. A., & Averill, P. (2002). The depression anxiety stress scale-21: Spanish translation and validation with a Hispanic sample. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 24(4), 195–205. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016014818163
  • Dong, M., & Zheng, J. (2020). Letter to the editor: Headline stress disorder caused by Netnews during the outbreak of COVID‐19. Health Expectations, 23(2), 259–260. https://doi.org/10.1111/hex.13055
  • Drapeau, A., Marchand, A., & Beaulieu-Prevost, D. (2012). Epidemiology of psychological distress. En L. L’Abate (Ed.), Mental Illnesses Understanding, Prediction and Control (pp. 105–134). InTech. https://doi.org/10.5772/30872
  • Drouin, M., McDaniel, B. T., Pater, J., & Toscos, T. (2020). How parents and their children used social media and technology at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and associations with anxiety. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 23(11), 727–736. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2020.0284
  • Figueroa, C. A., & Aguilera, A. (2020). The need for a mental health technology revolution in the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00523
  • Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Wang, Y., Fu, H., & Dai, J. (2020). Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLOS ONE, 15(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231924
  • Garcia, P. J., Alarcón, A., Bayer, A., Buss, P., Guerra, G., Ribeiro, H., Rojas, K., Saenz, R., de Snyder, N. S., Solimano, G., Torres, R., Tobar, S., Tuesca, R., Vargas, G., & Atun, R. (2020). COVID-19 response in Latin America. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 103(5), 1765–1772. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0765
  • Garfin, D. R. (2020). Technology as a coping tool during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Implications and recommendations. Stress and Health, 36(4), 555–559. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2975
  • Garfin, D. R., Silver, R. C., & Holman, E. A. (2020). The novel coronavirus (COVID-2019) outbreak: Amplification of public health consequences by media exposure. Health Psychology, 39(5), 355–357. https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000875
  • Hall, B. J., Xiong, Y. X., Yip, P. S. Y., Lao, C. K., Shi, W., Sou, E. K. L., Chang, K., Wang, L., & Lam, A. I. F. (2019). The association between disaster exposure and media use on post-traumatic stress disorder following Typhoon Hato in Macao, China. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 10(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2018.1558709
  • Hermosa-Bosano, C., Paz, C., Hidalgo-Andrade, P., García-Manglano, J., Chalezquer, C. S., López-Madrigal, C., & Serrano, C. (2021). Síntomas de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en la población general ecuatoriana durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Revista Ecuatoriana de Neurología, 30(2), 40-47. https://doi.org/10.46997/revecuatneurol30200040
  • Hosen, I., al Mamun, F., Sikder, M. T., Abbasi, A. Z., Zou, L., Guo, T., & Mamun, M. A. (2021). Prevalence and associated factors of problematic smartphone use during the COVID-19 pandemic: A Bangladeshi study. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 14, 3797–3805. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S325126
  • Hurtado, F. X., & Velasco, M. (2020). La pandemia en Ecuador: Desigualdades, impactos y desafíos. Observatorio Social del Ecuador/FES-Ildis. http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/quito/16860.pdf
  • IBM Corp. Inc. (2017). IBM Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. IMB Corp.
  • Iñiguez, S. O., Iñiguez, I. J., Cruz, S. M., & Iñiguez, A. C. (2021). Relación entre uso problemático de internet y calidad de sueño durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Universidad Ciencia y Tecnología, 25(109), 116–123. https://doi.org/10.47460/uct.v25i109.457
  • Jones, N. M., Thompson, R. R., Dunkel Schetter, C., & Silver, R. C. (2017). Distress and rumor exposure on social media during a campus lockdown. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(44), 11663–11668. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708518114
  • Kwon, M., Lee, J., Won, W., Park, J., Min, J., Hahn, C., Gu, X., Choi, J., & Kim, D. (2013). Development and validation of a Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS). PLoS ONE, 8(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056936
  • Lopez-Fernandez, O. (2017). Short version of the Smartphone Addiction Scale adapted to Spanish and French: Towards a cross-cultural research in problematic mobile phone use. Addictive Behaviors, 64, 275–280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.11.013
  • Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
  • Mi, T., Yang, X., Sun, S., Li, X., Tam, C. C., Zhou, Y., & Shen, Z. (2021). Mental Health Problems of HIV healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic: The interactive effects of stressors and coping. AIDS and Behavior, 25(1), 18–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-020-03073-z
  • Molina, G. A., Ayala, A. v., Endara, S. A., Aguayo, W. G., Rojas, C. L., Jiménez, G. E., Moyón, M. A., & Moyón, F. X. (2021). Ecuador and COVID-19: A pandemic we won’t be able to run away from. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 109, 33–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.05.077
  • Neria, Y., & Sullivan, G. M. (2011). Understanding the mental health effects of indirect exposure to mass trauma through the media. JAMA, 306(12), 1374-1375. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.1358
  • Pardo, H., & Cobo, C. (2020). Expandir la universidad más allá de la enseñanza remota de emergencia. Ideas hacia un modelo híbrido post-pandemia. Outliers School. https://outliersschool.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Expandir_la_universidad.pdf
  • Paz, C., Hermosa-Bosano, C., Hidalgo-Andrade, P., García-Manglano, J., Sábada Chalezquer, C., López-Madrigal, C., & Serrano, C. (2022). Self-esteem, happiness, and flourishing in times of COVID-19: A study during the lockdown period in Ecuador. International Journal of Public Health, 67, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2022.1604418
  • Power, K. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic has increased the care burden of women and families. Sustainability: Science, Practice, and Policy, 16(1), 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/15487733.2020.1776561
  • Santomauro, D. F., Mantilla Herrera, A. M., Shadid, J., Zheng, P., Ashbaugh, C., Pigott, D. M., Abbafati, C., Adolph, C., Amlag, J. O., Aravkin, A. Y., Bang-Jensen, B. L., Bertolacci, G. J., Bloom, S. S., Castellano, R., Castro, E., Chakrabarti, S., Chattopadhyay, J., Cogen, R. M., Collins, J. K., … Ferrari, A. J. (2021). Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The Lancet, 398(10312), 1700–1712. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02143-7
  • Servidio, R. (2021). Self-control and problematic smartphone use among Italian university students: The mediating role of the fear of missing out and of smartphone use patterns. Current Psychology, 40(8), 4101–4111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00373-z
  • Shultz, J. M., Baingana, F., & Neria, Y. (2015). The 2014 Ebola outbreak and mental health: Current status and recommended response. JAMA, 313(6), 567–568. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2014.17934
  • Sohn, S. Y., Rees, P., Wildridge, B., Kalk, N. J., & Carter, B. (2019). Prevalence of problematic smartphone usage and associated mental health outcomes amongst children and young people: A systematic review, meta-analysis and GRADE of the evidence. BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), 356. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-019-2350-x
  • Sun, L., Tang, Y., & Zuo, W. (2020). Coronavirus pushes education online. Nature Materials, 19(6), 687. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-020-0678-8
  • Tejedor, S., Cervi, L., Pérez-Escoda, A., & Tusa, F. (2020). Smartphone usage among students during COVID-19 pandemic in Spain, Italy and Ecuador. ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, 571–576. https://doi.org/10.1145/3434780.3436587
  • Thompson, R. R., Jones, N. M., Holman, E. A., & Silver, R. C. (2019). Media exposure to mass violence events can fuel a cycle of distress. Science Advances, 5(4), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav3502
  • Toulkeridis, T., Seqqat, R., Torres, M., Ortiz-Prado, E., & Debut, A. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemic in Ecuador: A health disparities perspective. Revista de Salud Pública, 22(3), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.15446/rsap.v22n3.88102
  • Vizcarra, P., Pérez-Elías, M. J., Quereda, C., Moreno, A., Vivancos, M. J., Dronda, F., Casado, J. L., Moreno, S., Pérez-Elías, M. J., Fortún, J., Navas, E., del Campo, S., López-Vélez, R., Cobo, J., Casado, J. L., Norman, F., Martín-Dávila, P., Hermida, J. M., Pérez, J. A., … Vivancos, M. J. (2020). Description of COVID-19 in HIV-infected individuals: A single-centre, prospective cohort. The Lancet HIV, 7, e554-e564. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3018(20)30164-8
  • Wang, Y., McKee, M., Torbica, A., & Stuckler, D. (2019). Systematic literature review on the spread of health-related misinformation on social media. Social Science & Medicine, 240, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112552
  • Zhao, N., & Zhou, G. (2020). Social media use and mental health during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Moderator role of disaster stressor and mediator role of negative affect. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 12(4), 1019–1038. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12226
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet