The press struggles for credibility in the face of info-toxificationnew strategies emerge to counter decentralized hoaxes

  1. Breiner, James G. 1
  1. 1 University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
Revista:
Comunicación y hombre: Revista interdisciplinar de ciencias de la comunicación y humanidades

ISSN: 1885-365X

Any de publicació: 2021

Títol de l'exemplar: Infoxicación: El "horror vacui" del siglo XXI

Número: 17

Pàgines: 39-51

Tipus: Article

DOI: 10.32466/EUFV-CYH.2021.17.655.39-51 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Altres publicacions en: Comunicación y hombre: Revista interdisciplinar de ciencias de la comunicación y humanidades

Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible

Resum

The emergence of search engines and social media networks in the past two decades created a new media ecosystem that allowed the instantaneous creation, distribution, manipulation, and sharing of content to a global audience by anyone with a smartphone and internet access. This ecosystem was ripe for exploitation by actors with aims of profit or propaganda to disrupt society and threaten democratic processes. Their disinformation sowed distrust and undermined the credibility of the press. The dispersed, decentralized nature of this communication has made it hard to police. However, new countermeasures are emerging based on international collaboration on systems for rating trustworthiness of publications and journalists. The technology platforms are collaborating on some of these efforts, but are resisting efforts to have regulators interfere with their business model.

Referències bibliogràfiques

  • BARNES, Julian E. y SANGER, David E. (2020). «Iran and Russia seek to influence election in final days, U.S. officials warn». New York Times. Recovered from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/21/us/ politics/iran-russia-election-interference.html
  • BBC (2019). «Facebook admits it was used to ‘incite offline violence’ in Myanmar». BBC News, November 6. Recovered from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-46105934
  • BBC (2020). «Facebook, Twitter and Google face questions from US senators». BBC News, October 28. Recovered from https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-54721023
  • BROAD, William J. (2019). «Your 5G phone won’t hurt you, but Russia wants you to think otherwise». The New York Times, May 12. Recovered from https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/12/science/5gphone- safety-health-russia.html
  • CHEE, Foo Yun (2019). «You have the right to be forgotten by Google, but only in Europe». Reuters. Recovered from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-alphabet-privacy-idUSKBN1W90R5
  • INGRAM, Matthew (2018). «The platform patrons: how Facebook and Google became two of the biggest funders of journalism in the world». The Columbia Journalism Review, May 16. Recovered from https://www.cjr.org/special_report/google-facebook-journalism.php
  • KNIGHT FOUNDATION (2020). Knight Foundation announces nearly $3 million for projects to help journalists combat information. Recovered from https://knightfoundation.org/press/releases/knightfoundation- announces-nearly-3-million-for-projects-to-help-journalists-combat-misinformation/
  • LEVITT, Steven D. (2020). «Hey, let’s go buy YouTube». Freakonomics Radio [audio podcast]. Recovered from https://freakonomics.com/podcast/pima-susan-wojcicki/
  • MARWICK, Alice and LEWIS, Rebecca (2017). Media manipulation and disinformation online. Data & Society Research Institute. Recovered from https://datasociety.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ DataAndSociety_MediaManipulationAndDisinformationOnline-1.pdf
  • PEW RESEARCH CENTER (2019). Most Americans believe local news media are doing well financially, and few pay for it. Recovered from https://www.journalism.org/2019/03/26/for-local-news-americansembrace- digital-but-still-want-strong-community-connection/pj_2019-03-26_local-news_0-05/
  • SALAVERRÍA, Ramón, BUSLÓN, Nataly, LÓPEZ-PAN, Fernando, LEÓN, Bienvenido, LÓPEZ-GOÑI, Ignacio y ERVITI, María-Carmen (2020). «Desinformación en tiempos de pandemia: tipología de los bulos sobre la Covid-19». El profesional de la información, v. 29, n. 3, p. 10. DOI: 10.3145/ epi.2020.may.15
  • SCOTT, Mark (2020). «Despite cries of censorship, conservatives dominate social media». Politico, October 26. Recovered from https://www.politico.com/news/2020/10/26/censorship-conservativessocial- media-432643
  • SHANE, Scott (2017). «The fake Americans Russia created to influence the election». The New York Times, September 7. Recovered from https://nyti.ms/2xdVuXM
  • SHORENSTEIN CENTER ON MEDIA, POLITICS AND PUBLIC POLICY (2020). The media manipulation casebook. Recovered from https://mediamanipulation.org/
  • SILVERMAN, Craig, FEDER, J. Lester, CVETKOVSKA, Saska y BELFORD, Aubrey (2018). «Macedonia’s pro-Trump fake news industry had American links, and is under investigation for possible Russia Ties». BuzzFeed News, July 18. Recovered from https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/ american-conservatives-fake-news-macedonia-paris-wade-libert
  • SINGH, Manish (2020). «Poynter Institute launches WhatsApp chatbot to debunk coronavirus-related hoaxes». TechCrunch. Recovered from https://techcrunch.com/2020/05/04/poynter-institutesinternational- fact-checking-network-launches-chatbot-on-whatsapp-to-debunk-thousands-ofcoronavirus- related-hoaxes/
  • SWIFT, Art (2016). «Americans’ Trust in Mass Media Sinks to New Low». Gallup. Recovered from https:// news.gallup.com/poll/195542/americans-trust-mass-media-sinks-new-low.aspx
  • TAUB, Amanda y FISHER, Max (2018). «Where countries are tinderboxes and Facebook is a match». The New York Times. Recovered from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/21/world/asia/facebooksri- lanka-riots.html
  • TYNAN, Dan (2016). «How Facebook powers money machines for obscure political news sites». The Guardian, August, 24. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/aug/24/facebook-clickbaitpolitical- news-sites-us-election-trump
  • WARDLE, Claire (2017). «Fake news: it’s complicated». First Draft. Recovered from https://firstdraftnews. org/latest/fake-news-complicated/
  • WATERSON, Jim y HERN, Alex (2020). «Perfect storm of conditions helped nonsense theories about 5G and coronavirus to take hold». The Guardian, April 7. Recovered from https://www.theguardian. com/technology/2020/apr/07/how-false-claims-about-5g-health-risks-spread-into-the-mainstream
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet