The press struggles for credibility in the face of info-toxificationnew strategies emerge to counter decentralized hoaxes

  1. Breiner, James G. 1
  1. 1 University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
Revista:
Comunicación y hombre: Revista interdisciplinar de ciencias de la comunicación y humanidades

ISSN: 1885-365X

Año de publicación: 2021

Título del ejemplar: Infoxicación: El "horror vacui" del siglo XXI

Número: 17

Páginas: 39-51

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.32466/EUFV-CYH.2021.17.655.39-51 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Comunicación y hombre: Revista interdisciplinar de ciencias de la comunicación y humanidades

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

La aparición de motores de búsqueda y redes sociales en las últimas dos décadas creó un nuevo ecosistema de medios que permitió la creación, distribución, manipulación e intercambio instantáneo de contenido a una audiencia global por cualquier persona con un teléfono inteligente y acceso a internet. Este ecosistema estaba apto para ser explotado por actores con fines de lucro o propaganda para alterar la sociedad y amenazar los procesos democráticos. Su desinformación sembró desconfianza y minó la credibilidad de la prensa La naturaleza dispersa y descentralizada de esta comunicación ha dificultado su vigilancia. Sin embargo, están surgiendo nuevas contramedidas basadas en la colaboración internacional en sistemas para calificar la confiabilidad de publicaciones y periodistas. Las plataformas tecnológicas están colaborando en algunos de estos esfuerzos, pero se resisten a hacer que los reguladores interfieran con su modelo de negocio.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • BARNES, Julian E. y SANGER, David E. (2020). «Iran and Russia seek to influence election in final days, U.S. officials warn». New York Times. Recovered from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/21/us/ politics/iran-russia-election-interference.html
  • BBC (2019). «Facebook admits it was used to ‘incite offline violence’ in Myanmar». BBC News, November 6. Recovered from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-46105934
  • BBC (2020). «Facebook, Twitter and Google face questions from US senators». BBC News, October 28. Recovered from https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-54721023
  • BROAD, William J. (2019). «Your 5G phone won’t hurt you, but Russia wants you to think otherwise». The New York Times, May 12. Recovered from https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/12/science/5gphone- safety-health-russia.html
  • CHEE, Foo Yun (2019). «You have the right to be forgotten by Google, but only in Europe». Reuters. Recovered from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eu-alphabet-privacy-idUSKBN1W90R5
  • INGRAM, Matthew (2018). «The platform patrons: how Facebook and Google became two of the biggest funders of journalism in the world». The Columbia Journalism Review, May 16. Recovered from https://www.cjr.org/special_report/google-facebook-journalism.php
  • KNIGHT FOUNDATION (2020). Knight Foundation announces nearly $3 million for projects to help journalists combat information. Recovered from https://knightfoundation.org/press/releases/knightfoundation- announces-nearly-3-million-for-projects-to-help-journalists-combat-misinformation/
  • LEVITT, Steven D. (2020). «Hey, let’s go buy YouTube». Freakonomics Radio [audio podcast]. Recovered from https://freakonomics.com/podcast/pima-susan-wojcicki/
  • MARWICK, Alice and LEWIS, Rebecca (2017). Media manipulation and disinformation online. Data & Society Research Institute. Recovered from https://datasociety.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ DataAndSociety_MediaManipulationAndDisinformationOnline-1.pdf
  • PEW RESEARCH CENTER (2019). Most Americans believe local news media are doing well financially, and few pay for it. Recovered from https://www.journalism.org/2019/03/26/for-local-news-americansembrace- digital-but-still-want-strong-community-connection/pj_2019-03-26_local-news_0-05/
  • SALAVERRÍA, Ramón, BUSLÓN, Nataly, LÓPEZ-PAN, Fernando, LEÓN, Bienvenido, LÓPEZ-GOÑI, Ignacio y ERVITI, María-Carmen (2020). «Desinformación en tiempos de pandemia: tipología de los bulos sobre la Covid-19». El profesional de la información, v. 29, n. 3, p. 10. DOI: 10.3145/ epi.2020.may.15
  • SCOTT, Mark (2020). «Despite cries of censorship, conservatives dominate social media». Politico, October 26. Recovered from https://www.politico.com/news/2020/10/26/censorship-conservativessocial- media-432643
  • SHANE, Scott (2017). «The fake Americans Russia created to influence the election». The New York Times, September 7. Recovered from https://nyti.ms/2xdVuXM
  • SHORENSTEIN CENTER ON MEDIA, POLITICS AND PUBLIC POLICY (2020). The media manipulation casebook. Recovered from https://mediamanipulation.org/
  • SILVERMAN, Craig, FEDER, J. Lester, CVETKOVSKA, Saska y BELFORD, Aubrey (2018). «Macedonia’s pro-Trump fake news industry had American links, and is under investigation for possible Russia Ties». BuzzFeed News, July 18. Recovered from https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/craigsilverman/ american-conservatives-fake-news-macedonia-paris-wade-libert
  • SINGH, Manish (2020). «Poynter Institute launches WhatsApp chatbot to debunk coronavirus-related hoaxes». TechCrunch. Recovered from https://techcrunch.com/2020/05/04/poynter-institutesinternational- fact-checking-network-launches-chatbot-on-whatsapp-to-debunk-thousands-ofcoronavirus- related-hoaxes/
  • SWIFT, Art (2016). «Americans’ Trust in Mass Media Sinks to New Low». Gallup. Recovered from https:// news.gallup.com/poll/195542/americans-trust-mass-media-sinks-new-low.aspx
  • TAUB, Amanda y FISHER, Max (2018). «Where countries are tinderboxes and Facebook is a match». The New York Times. Recovered from https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/21/world/asia/facebooksri- lanka-riots.html
  • TYNAN, Dan (2016). «How Facebook powers money machines for obscure political news sites». The Guardian, August, 24. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/aug/24/facebook-clickbaitpolitical- news-sites-us-election-trump
  • WARDLE, Claire (2017). «Fake news: it’s complicated». First Draft. Recovered from https://firstdraftnews. org/latest/fake-news-complicated/
  • WATERSON, Jim y HERN, Alex (2020). «Perfect storm of conditions helped nonsense theories about 5G and coronavirus to take hold». The Guardian, April 7. Recovered from https://www.theguardian. com/technology/2020/apr/07/how-false-claims-about-5g-health-risks-spread-into-the-mainstream